Zbigniew Preisner " Requiem for My Friend (Preisner)".Howard Goodall's "Eternal Light: A Requiem".Lorenzo Ferrero's Introito, part of the Requiem per le vittime della mafia.Sylvano Bussotti's "Rara Requiem" (1969).Max Reger, Hebbel Requiem, Lateinisches Requiem (fragment).Gaetano Donizetti: Requiem in D minor (for Bellini).Benedetto Marcello (Requiem in the Venetian Manner).Pietro Pontio (2 for four voices-both incomplete-and one for five low voices).Johannes Ockeghem (the earliest to survive).Rutter: Requiem, includes Psalm 130, Psalm 23 and words from the Book of Common Prayer (1985).Penderecki: Polish Requiem (1984, revised 19).66, which incorporated poems by Wilfred Owen (1962) 9, based almost exclusively on the chants from the Graduale Romanum (1947) Cherubini: Requiem in C minor (1815) and Requiem in D minor (1836).Salieri: Requiem (1804) (played at his funeral on May 7, 1825).626 (1791: Mozart died before its completion Franz Xaver Süssmayr's completion is often used) Zelenka: Requiem in D Minor ZWV 48 After Augustus the Strong Circa 1730.Victoria: Requiem of 1603 (part of a longer Office for the Dead).Guerrero: Requiem (Missa pro defunctis), 1582.Morales: Two notable requiems: Officium defunctorum (ca.Ockeghem: Requiem, the earliest to survive, written in the mid-to-late 15th century.Some of the most notable include the following (in chronological order): A counter-reaction to this tendency came from the Cecilian movement, which recommended restrained accompaniment for liturgical music, and frowned upon the use of operatic vocal soloists.Ī portion of the manuscript of Mozart's Requiem, K 626 (1791), showing his heading for the first movement. Musico-thematic relationships among movements within a Requiem can be found as well.īeginning in the 18th century and continuing through the 19th, many composers wrote what are effectively concert works, which by virtue of employing forces too large, or lasting such a considerable duration, prevent them being readily used in an ordinary funeral service the requiems of Gossec, Berlioz, Verdi, and Dvořák are essentially dramatic concert oratorios. The Introit and Kyrie, being immediately adjacent in the actual Roman Catholic liturgy, are often composed as one movement. Sometimes composers divide an item of the liturgical text into two or more movements because of the length of its text, the Dies iræ is the most frequently divided section of the text (as with Mozart, for instance). Fauré omits the Dies iræ, while the very same text had often been set by French composers in previous centuries as a stand-alone work. Most composers omit sections of the liturgical prescription, most frequently the Gradual and the Tract. There is great variation between compositions in how much of liturgical text is set to music. without necessary accompanying instrumental parts), whereas beginning around 1600 composers more often preferred to use instruments to accompany a choir, and also include vocal soloists. Typically the Renaissance settings, especially those not written on the Iberian Peninsula, may be performed a cappella (i.e. Over 2,000 Requiem compositions have been composed to the present day. Other composers before 1550 include Pedro de Escobar, Antoine de Févin, Cristóbal Morales, and Pierre de La Rue that by La Rue is probably the second oldest, after Ockeghem's. In addition, these settings used less textural contrast than the early settings by Ockeghem and Brumel, although the vocal scoring was often richer, for example in the six-voice Requiem by Jean Richafort which he wrote for the death of Josquin des Prez. In contrast to practice in setting the Mass Ordinary, many of these settings used a cantus-firmus technique, something which had become quite archaic by mid-century. In the 16th century, more and more composers set the Requiem mass. In the early polyphonic settings of the Requiem, there is considerable textural contrast within the compositions themselves: simple chordal or fauxbourdon-like passages are contrasted with other sections of contrapuntal complexity, such as in the Offertory of Ockeghem's Requiem. The requiem of Brumel, circa 1500, is the first to include the Dies Iræ. Many early compositions employ different texts that were in use in different liturgies around Europe before the Council of Trent set down the texts given above. There was a setting by the elder composer Dufay, possibly earlier, which is now lost: Ockeghem's may have been modelled on it. The Requiem by Johannes Ockeghem, written sometime in the later half of the 15th century, is the earliest surviving polyphonic setting. May the Martyrs receive thee at thy coming,Īnd lead thee into the holy city of Jerusalem.Īnd with Lazarus, who once was poor, mayest thou have eternal rest.įor many centuries the texts of the requiem were sung to Gregorian melodies.
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